– How to take VA radiographs

Instructions for radiography according to the Finnish Kennel Club protocol

Finnish Kennel Club’s spinal radiography protocol (pdf)

Vertebral anomalies (VA)
General instructions:

The instructions for VA (vertebral anomalies)  are otherwise similar to the instructions for LTV radiographs  (https://www.incoc.fi/en/how-to-take-ltv-radiographs/), but a lateral image of the cervical spine is added (Figure 1).

For French Bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers and Pugs two additional images (ventrodorsal image of the thoracic and lumbar spine) are needed (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 1
Figure 1

Figure 2
Figure 2

Figure 3
Figure 2